Scin 135 Lab 4 - 635 Words

SCIN 135 Lab 4 Click Link Below To Buy: http://hwcampus.com/shop/scin-135-lab-4/ Part 1 of 1 - 97.75/ 100.0 Points Question 1 of 14 5.0/ 5.0 Points Which example location did you choose to study? A.Forest Fires in Yakutsk B.Smallholder Clearing in Mozambique C.Deforestation in Paraguay D.Protected Area Loss in Cote dIvoire E.Kalimantan Palm Oil Plantations F.Sarawak old and new logging roads G.Finnish and Russian Forestry Question 2 of 14 10.0/ 10.0 Points Using your own words, what is the cause of deforestation, as listed on the Global Forest Change map, for your study area? Question 3 of 14 5.0/ 5.0 Points Click on Zoom to area for your chosen example†¦show more content†¦Question 9 of 14 4.0/ 5.0 Points NASA Tropical Deforestation Research includes (choose all that apply) A. experimenting on how deforestation and climate change effect the Amazon B. pioneering new technology for observing tropical forests C. funding national and international research into the causes of deforestation D. creating alarm products E. researching the impacts of forest flooding on carbon dioxide. Question 10 of 14 10.0/ 10.0 Points List the 4 major categories of impacts from tropical deforestation. Question 11 of 14 5.0/ 5.0 Points Tropical deforestation impacts climate by (choose all that apply) A.disrupting rainfall patterns outside of the tropics B.creating a hotter drier climate C.making peat wetlands more susceptible to fire D.increasing local rainfall due to heat island effect E.all of the above Question 12 of 14 3.75/ 5.0 Points Some underlying causes of deforestation are (choose all that apply) A. agricultural expansion B. road and railway expansion C. low petroleum prices D. foreign debt E. availability of industrial scale technology Question 13 of 14 5.0/ 5.0 Points Between 1990 and 2005 the 5 countries that cleared the most tropical forest by area are: Question 14 ofShow MoreRelatedScin 135 Lab 4627 Words   |  3 PagesSCIN 135 Lab 4 Click Link Below To Buy: http://hwcampus.com/shop/scin-135-lab-4/ Part 1 of 1 - 97.75/ 100.0 Points Question 1 of 14 5.0/ 5.0 Points Which example location did you choose to study? A.Forest Fires in Yakutsk B.Smallholder Clearing in Mozambique C.Deforestation in Paraguay D.Protected Area Loss in Cote dIvoire E.Kalimantan Palm Oil Plantations F.Sarawak old and new logging roads G.Finnish and Russian Forestry QuestionRead MoreScin 135 Lab 2679 Words   |  3 PagesSCIN 135 Lab 2 Click Link Below To Buy: http://hwcampus.com/shop/scin-135-lab-2/ Part 1 of 1 - 82.75/ 100.0 Points Question 1 of 17 0.0/ 5.0 Points Visit the STEMS website. Who is the lead organization hosting this website? A.The Research Branch of the Pacific Northwest Research Station, USDA Forest Service B.The Research Branch of the University of British Columbia C.The Research Branch of International Forest Products Ltd D.The Research Branch

Economic Concerns vs. Religious Concerns in the Settling...

During the Colonial period, as settlers trickled in from the Old World, it was only after many years of economic unrest that this became possible. The New World was a prosperous land for change. There, settlers had the freedom to pursue aspirations that were far less tangible in England. One of the most pressing issues that led to the colonization of the New World was the need for more and cheaper products beyond the Mediterranean; this was ultimately the first step in the many ways that the New World created economic prospects for those yearning for a more prosperous future. Economic concerns of the settlers in North America were notably greater than religious concerns during the colonial era, due to the decline in the British economy and†¦show more content†¦The slave trade was also an example of how economy was a more pressing issue. Africans were brought as early as 1617 to support the masses of crops growing throughout the colonies. The slaves helped make up an economic system, where they were paid for by money, and produced crops that were turned into money. When the Royal African Company lost its monopoly, Americans were presented with yet another opportunity to cash in on the slave trade, making the economic system that settlers had built to thrive on, even more complex. While religion did have an effect on the settlers, the economic prospects were what kept much of the settlers in America. And while maintaining a strong, united religious community was important for many colonies, it always came down to whether or not it was possible to uphold a prosperous lifestyle. Economy and religion were the two sole reasons for colonizing America. Religion did play a role in the lives of settlers, but as more and more colonies emerged that permitted religious differences (such as Rhode Island) it seemed the thing that united the colonists together was not the need for a similar belief system, but the need for firm economic foundations that could be built upon. As a result of this, economic concerns far outweighed religious concerns as more and more settlers of different belief systems came to call upon the New World for a new set ofShow MoreRelatedHistory of Social Work18530 Words   |  75 Pages unemployment and poverty. ï‚ · Charity Organization Societies (COS) form in England with an emphasis on detailed investigations. Volunteers recruited to befriend applicants, make individual assessments and correct their problems. ï‚ · Thomas Malthus, British East India Company economist, documents population numbers multiplying faster than production of goods to meet their needs. 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No part of this publication may be reproduced or distributed in any form or by any means, or stored in a databaseRead MoreModern History.Hsc.2012 Essay25799 Words   |  104 PagesUnited States world war 1 Non-Intervention - The United States originally pursued a policy of non-intervention, avoiding conflict while trying to broker a peace. - When a German U-boat sank the British liner Lusitania in 1915, with 128 Americans aboard, U.S. President Woodrow Wilson vowed, America is too proud to fight and demanded an end to attacks on passenger ships. Germany complied. - Wilson unsuccessfully tried to mediate a settlement. He repeatedly warned the U.S. would not tolerateRead MoreKfc Marketing Strategies20155 Words   |  81 Pagesevery visit. Roberts began his career with PepsiCo in 1990 in the International Treasury function. In 1995, he moved to PepsiCo Restaurants International as a Planning Director. 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ISBN-13 978-0470-16968-1 Printed in the United States of America 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 Brief Contents PA RT 1 Chapter 1 Chapter 2 UNDERSTANDING HRM The Dynamic Environment of HRM 2 Fundamentals of Strategic HRM 28 PART 2 Chapter 3 Chapter 4 THE LEGAL AND ETHICAL CONTEXT OF HRM Equal EmploymentRead MoreManagement Course: Mba−10 General Management215330 Words   |  862 Pages Third Edition Reed−Lajoux and others . . . This book was printed on recycled paper. Management http://www.mhhe.com/primis/online/ Copyright  ©2005 by The McGraw−Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. Printed in the United States of America. Except as permitted under the United States Copyright Act of 1976, no part of this publication may be reproduced or distributed in any form or by any means, or stored in a database or retrieval system, without prior written permission of the publisherRead MoreStephen P. Robbins Timothy A. Judge (2011) Organizational Behaviour 15th Edition New Jersey: Prentice Hall393164 Words   |  1573 Pagesreproduced, with permission, in this textbook appear on the appropriate page within text. Copyright  © 2013, 2011, 2009, 2007, 2005 by Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Prentice Hall. All rights reserved. Manufactured in the United States of America. This publication is protected by Copyright, and permission should be obtained from the publisher prior to any prohibited reproduction, storage in a retrieval system, or transmission in any form or by any means, electroni c, mechanical, photocopyingRead MoreStrategic Marketing Management337596 Words   |  1351 Pages853333, e-mail: permissions@elsevier.co.uk. 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Reflection Interview for Domains and Mechanisms-myassignmenthelp

Question: Discuss about theReflection Interviewfor Domains, Methods and Mechanisms. Answer: Reflection Interview Reporting Responding My training has prepared me for my nursing career asit has equipped me with knowledge and skills that I will apply during my practice. For instance, I was once presented with a 27-year old male patient complaining of pain after a total hip replacement surgery. Before applying any pain management techniques, I felt it was important to first assess the severity of the pain in order to determine the best intervention method. I used a numerical rating scale and the patient scored a 5, on a scale of 1 to 10. During the assessment, I felt that it was also important to ask the patient how bad the pain was to avoid recording a score that was way above or below his own assessment. He told me that it was getting worse and he was afraid he wouldnt bear it for long. I also asked him where exactly he was feeling the pain and for how long this had been going on. The patient informed me that it had been going on for about one hour and the pain was around the hip joint. This provided information on how best to monitor the effectiveness of my interventions. Relating To manage the pain, I repositioned the patient ensuring that I did not apply any undue tension on the new prosthesis and the surrounding tissues (Garson, Schwarxkopf, Vakharia, Alexander, Stead, CannessonKain, 2014).This is because, maintaining an appropriate position of the operated extremity helps in reducing any muscle spasm (Stang, Hartling, Fera, Johnson Ali, 2014). I also encouraged the patient to engage in stress management techniques and diversional activities such as progressive relaxation, visualization, meditation and imagery. From my personal experience, I figured that this would help in refocusing his attention from the pain and he will be in a better position to manage or cope with any discomfort or pain for a while. Reasoning Additionally, I administered some muscle relaxants and opioid analgesics in the form of morphine to help manage the pain and improve the patients comfort. Opioid analgesics pose certain side effects such as reduced gastrointestinal mobility, nausea and respiratory depression (Garson, Schwarxkopf, Vakharia, Alexander, Stead, CannessonKain, 2014). As a result, I frequently reassessed his respiratory rate, nausea and bowel movement. Further, the early detection of a developing problem such as a dislocation of the prosthesis gives one an opportunity to promptly intervene and prevent any more adverse complications (Joshi, SchugKehlet, 2014).From this, I asked the patient if he was experiencing any sudden severe joint pains and muscle spasms or any changes in joint motility and fortunately, his response was negative. Had the patient experienced any of this, I would have administered an anti-emetic drug to counter the sickness. After a short while, the patient reported that the pain was sub siding and he also appeared a bit more relaxed and capable of sleeping. Reconstructing From my own point of view, I feel that this situation presented me with a platform to show how best I can carry out pain assessment and management. This situation taught me the importance of pain assessment before any intervention methods as it helps in making a well-informed decision. I also learnt that it is important to engage the patient and ask questions pertaining to the severity, location and duration of the pain before taking any measures. A study done by Coll, Ameen and Mead, (2014) revealed that often, nurses record a patients pain score that is lower than the patients personal assessment. Therefore, it is important to always listen and consider whatever the patient is saying (Fillingim,Loeser, Baron Edwards, 2016). Despite the fact that I did not apply all pain management techniques, I learnt that using some of the methods helps in relieving pain. In my intervention, I left out methods such as applying ice to the affected area which could have helped to promote vasoconstriction and reduce any perception of discomfort. As a result, in future, I will consider all pain management techniques and their benefits and apply those that are most appropriate for my patient, this is essential in ensuring patient safety and quality of care. A combined approach is usually the best option as it allows one to tailor pain management methods that are suitable to each individual (Jensen Karoly, 2013).To sum up, this situation has taught me that professional healthcare practice requires calculated and combined intervention methods to relieve pain from a patient. In this case, I have learnt that my training has sufficiently prepared me for my nursing practice and my future practice as a nurse as I was able to carry out successful pain assessment and management for the patient. Lastly, I need to use a combination of all relevant approaches that are suitable for my patients condition in future. References Coll, A. M., Ameen, J. R., Mead, D. (2014). Postoperative assessment tools in day surgery: literature review. Journal of advanced nursing, 46(2), 124-133. Fillingim, R. B., Loeser, J. D., Baron, R., Edwards, R.R. (2016). Assessment of chronic and acute pain: Domains, methods, and mechanisms. The Journal of Pain, 17(9), T10-T20. Garson, L., Schwarxkopf, R., Vakharia, S., Alexander, B., Stead, S., Cannesson, M., Kain, Z. (2014). Implementation of a total joint replacement-focused perioperative surgical home: a management case report. Anesthesia and Analgesia, 118(5), 1081-1089. Jensen, M. P., Karoly, P. (2013). Self-report scales and procedures for assessing pain in adults. Joshi, G. P., Schug, S. A., Kehlet, H. (2014). Procedure-specific pain management and outcome strategies. Best Practice Research Clinical Anesthesiology, 28(2), 191-201. Stang, A. S., Hartling, L., Fera, C., Johnson, D., Ali, S. (2014). Quality indicators for the assessment and management of pain in the emergency department: a systematic review. Pain Research and Management, 19(6), e179-e190.

The Male Versus Female Power Struggle Between Two Character In Etta Jo

The male versus female power struggle between two character in Etta johnson, an excerpt from gloria naylor's novel The Woman of brewster place: A novel in seven stories illustrates the conflict of character's expectration. Both etta mae johnson and Rev. morelond woods want different futeres for thier relationship. etta johnson is looking for a long term relationship that involes marriage. Rev. woods want a now and later relationship that involves having sex now and possibly revisiting his partner later without being committrd to that person. Rev. Moreland wood does have totally different motives for their relationship. tta johnson is jobless and looking for a man to take care of her. Etta friend Mattie adised her to meet a, man who'd be serious about settling down with you(330) Mattie does not feel that the preacher is a good candidate for marriage, but etta is content with her efforts to cause the residents of Brewster to, be humming a different tune whe (she show up there the wife of a big preacher(331) Etta learns that she she is used for sex as power is not powerful enough to cause the Rev. to want to marry her. Rev. woods is looking for something less committing that marriage. woods is looking for a one time event and thinks of his encounter with etta as agame. Rev. woods calls etta worldy women(333) and commends her on her knowledge and understanding the tempory weakness of the flesh and don't make it out to be something bigger than is although she does want more. Rev Mouland Woods does get what he wants from this relationship, sex. Etta johnson is the loser of the power struggles and also of her pride. After getting out of Rev. woods car, Etta stands on the corner in a slumped position as the rev observers her in his rearview mirror this picture of her, caused him to press down onthe accelerator,(333)illustrates his fear of commitment. etta's broken spirit(333) shower her disappointment of not finding love, commitment and someone who cares for her. Although the two character have different motives, they both gained something from their experience. Rev. woods get what he is seeking , a sexual relationship without commitment. Etta johnson does not get a proposal of marriage, but she does get a reality check resulting inher knowledge of her fate. rev. woods is the benefactor of this power struggle.

Labelling essays

Labelling essays In todays society, people are labelled and treated differently depending on their nationality. This is something that everyone is guilty of, including yourself. At least once in your lifetime you will describe someone by their nationality or give them a label such as wog, dego, gook etc. Its not only the people who have different nationalities that are being labelled today, its also the Australians and the native people who are being labelled as well. They have been given names such as boongs, red-necks, doggas etc. Labelling leads people to think that these different nationalities have people that look a certain way and that they will have some kind of personality trait depending on their nationality. A couple of prime examples of this are when people are described as wogs. When described as a wog you immediately think they are greasy, hairy, dont know any other English other than fully sick, be stuck up, always get their hair done at Hair Machine, drive a Valiant, Monaro or VL Calais and where their Kappa tracksuit all year round (Kappa considered to be a wog brand). Another example would be the labelling of the Australians. Really people call them doggas, how society came up with that name, no one really knows. When labelled as a dogga you are immediately seen as someone with a mullet, wears stubby shorts and flannelette shirts, wears thongs all year, always says Gday mate, said to be rude and always uses foul language, addresses females as Sheilas and will only ever drink beer. These ar e the types of things that people think of when some one has got a label to them. This is the power of imagery and also stereotypes. Not all people take these labels to heart. Some people are proud to have a label. There are also people who have started gangs using their label. M.E.B Middle Eastern Boys are a gang ...

What to Do If You Failed a College Midterm

What to Do If You Failed a College Midterm No matter how much you studied (or didnt), the facts are the facts: You failed a college midterm. So just how big of a deal is this? And what should you do next? How you handle failing a midterm (or any other major exam) can have a major impact on the rest of your semester. Consequently, its important to take a step back and do the following things: Look Over the Exam When You're Calm When you find out you failed, give yourself a little while to focus on and do other things. Take a walk, go for a workout, eat a healthy meal, and then come back to the test. Get a better sense of what happened. Did you bomb the entire thing? Do poorly in one section? Misunderstand one part of the assignment? Misunderstand one part of the material? Is there a pattern about where or how you performed poorly? Knowing why you failed can help you turn your performance around for the rest of the term. Talk to Your Professor or TA Even if the entire class failed the midterm, you still need to get some feedback on how to do better on the next exam or final. Make an appointment with your professor or TA during office hours. After all, theyre here to help you learn. Remember, too, that whats done is done; you arent there to argue with your professor or TA about your grade. Youre meeting with them to find out what will help you do better next time. Be Honest With Yourself Have an honest conversation with yourself about what you did wrong. Did you study enough? Did you not read the material, thinking you could just get by? What could you have done better to prepare?   Commit to Making a Change That Will Help You Do Better Next Time Even if you failed this midterm and feel like its the end of the world, its probably not. There will be other exams, essays, group projects, lab reports, presentations and final exams you can do better on. Focus on what you can do that will help you improve. Seek Out the Help You Need Lets be honest: If you failed this exam, youre going to need some help. Because even if you think you can do better on your own next time, your failed midterm grade means you cant leave anything to chance. All that money youre paying for tuition and fees means you should take full advantage of the resources your college or university has to offer! Instead of thinking What can I do for next time? think What will I do to prepare for my next major exam? You can sign up for office hours with your professor and/or TA. Have someone read your papers before you turn them in. Get some tutoring. Find a mentor. Form a study group of folks who will focus on learning the material instead of goofing off. Make appointments with yourself to spend quiet time reading and studying without distraction. Do whatever you need to do so you can celebrate acing your next exam - not feel as horrible as you do now.

The Valuation of Intellectual Property for Various Purposes Term Paper

The Valuation of Intellectual Property for Various Purposes - Term Paper Example Some approaches to valuation have evolved from others for evaluation, potentially confounding finance tools with those for measuring internal performance indicators; for example, where human resources may be regarded as the "knowledge assets" of a company (Andriessen, 2004, p.233). Other methods appear to have emerged primarily for external reporting of financial information. From the critical perspective, an evident reason for this accelerated activity is the growing importance of intangibles in the modern economy. Near the end of the 20th century, 79% of jobs and 76% of the American GNP were from weightless enterprise (Contractor, 2001, pp. XI-XII). There also is a greater call for valuations in modern business practice, including the purchase and sale of brands, international transfer pricing, mergers, and the formation of alliances. The proliferation of many methods and labels, all chasing many metrics, seems to be working against a common understanding of the fundamentals in the valuation of intellectual property. Even the word value has several meanings in English. For instance, Black's Law Dictionary details more than 40, all stemming from Black's view of value as a measure in a transaction: value is defined as the monetary worth or price of something; the amount of goods, services, or money that something will command in an exchange (Black's Law Dictionary, 1999). This equates value to the price achieved in a transaction. Different parties may have a different sense of the value of the item to be transacted; marketing professionals would have us believe value is determined by equation worked out, per situation, in each buyer's mind: "value is the combination of price, quality, convenience, service, ownership experience, and every other factor in the buying decision" (Calloway,2003, p.153). In many cases, this may produce results that differ in the mind of the buyer and the mind of the seller. Indeed, the likelihood for a transaction will increase when the perceived value of the item, to the buyer, exceeds the value suggested by the seller. To this extent, these varying ideas of market price, perception, and different parties may be resolved by thinking of value as the point at which the bid and ask prices converge. NYU Stern School of Business finance professor Aswath Damodaran, a leading authority on valuation, suggests value resides in the future: "The value of a firm is based upon its capacity to generate cash flows and the uncertainty associated with those cash flows...The value of a firm is still the present value of the expected cash flows from its assets" (Damodaran, 2001, p.11). From the critical perspective, this introduces a new set of variables, revolving around not the present circumstances of the market, but its possible future circumstances. It also creat es a distinction between assets that are (a) aggregated in the form of a go-forward business, producing income as a firm, (b) individually for sale, to the extent they may be separated from their present use, or (c) dormant in a business that has ceased operations, where no income is presently being generated. But what if item that is not able or meant to produce income in the future Gordon V. Smith, a leading author in the field of valuation, combines all variations into a single definition:

Different Aspects of Employee Relations Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2750 words

Different Aspects of Employee Relations - Essay Example This raises the issue that at any one time there may be a number of ideologies within an organisation, which underpin the social relations of work (Mannheim 1936, p. 59; 61). While managers and employers may have diverse interests between them, management as a collection of employees is 'structurally dependent' on employers rather than inclined to any collaboration with the workers. Within organisations, managers' ideology, imbued with notions of professional autonomy or managerial prerogative, 'will always be deployed against developments which may lead towards more egalitarian relations in production'(Clegg, Boreham & Dow 1986, p. 169). . Unitarism can be defined as the aim of a team being defined by one common purpose. This perspective focuses on some core issues such as conformity and sharing of goals. They further desire an absence of conflict in a well functioning organization. According to the Kochan's report published in 1982, on the application of a unitary framework for analyzing conflicts in a US organization. The unitarists theorists did not deny that conflicts exist but they attributed this existence of conflict in the organizations workplace to being more interpersonal than structural factors being into play. There ar In, simpler words, unitarists believe in an organization that has a common set of goals. They also believe in forming a conflict free organization. There are certain philosophical foundations to unitarism "then the implication seems to be that unitarism emerges from a contract view of work relationships that would naturally see the ethical justification for HR Decisions. In a deontological view "(Shaw 1999:63) Unitarist theories may in fact make a problem clearer. By having common goals and all working towards the same goals can provide a method of making "two and two equal five rather than three and a half" (Harvey-Jones, 1995: 9). Harvey-Jones has also refereed to the fact that management is an art, not a science. "It is an art because management consists of enlisting the freely given support of disparate groups of people at different time to achieve, by their own free will, an agreed common purpose." (Harvey-Jones, 1995: 6). It is vital that in the end that all the individuals within the organiozation are working towards the same goal i.e success of the organization . A unitarist perspective dominates organizations like IBM , Kodak , Hewlett Packard and 3M . Because this perspective holds that all the individuals within an organization are working towards a common goal it automatically rules out conflict in any form. Further more; often the view presented above is criticized. But in argument to their convictions they say that conflict does not need to exist. But if it has occurred it is because the management of the organizati

Empowering Women - Culture vs Modern Life Essay Example for Free

Empowering Women Culture vs Modern Life Essay The world today has allowed women to hold other positions apart from their traditional roles which are being temporarily pushed aside. Temporary because traditional roles and family responsibilities can never be ignored or eliminated and it is this responsibility that women need to be empowered to encourage and give them the confidence to venture out and earn income to meet the demands of everyday life. The 20th century has become familiar with gender equality and more women and girls are stepping out of their traditional roles and embracing success despite facing economic, social, cultural and educational issues. This essay will discuss the issue of empowering women as a strategy used to help women and investment in education as the driving forces of overcoming problems and help forge a better future. Firstly, in our environment today we see more women stepping out of their traditional roles to work regardless of low or high paid income. The disadvantage on the economical level they face is the power of wealth where unnecessary spending does not allow for savings for the future. Women tend to give in to husbands demands and with peer pressure want for luxury items far beyond their affordability. For instance, our environment can influence the way we spend especially wanting what others have, for example, purchasing a vehicle can exhaust funds and create debt and borrowing. Economically this slows the growth of the economy and encourages poverty within families and the community. Secondly, the social disadvantage women face as they begin to take up higher responsibilities and thus, decision making within their household and at work encourages them to stand for their rights on any issues they face. This can lead to many social problems as they are exposed to many lifestyles such as the way they dress, attitudes and behavior changes. These changes can result to problems within the household and the community which leads to violence within families and between husband and wives or women and the community. In Bagdad, Afghanistan women who sought work in town are changing the way they dress from wearing their cultural wear, burqa (clothes that cover most of their entire body) to wearing short skirts and blouses to work. This has angered some husbands and in February 21st Pritka Singh’s husband killed her for bringing shame into the family as a mother. (Fiji Times, March 4 2013 p.19) Lastly, in most Pacific Island countries and some places within the Asian and Middle East countries, women’s role is to stay at home and look after the families while the husbands earn income to support the family financially. But as women begin to shift roles and work to earn an income, most women begin to spend most of their time at work rather than at home. For this reason most families system begins to breakup as children are left to care for themselves and the upbringing by their caretakers are under supervised can lead children to poor health. Also, divorce and broken homes happen when mothers and fathers spend time away from each other and reconciliation is beyond repair. (Personal communication Priscilla Tongi) However, even though the disadvantages are discouraging I feel that these problems can be fixed and overcome as strategies of empowering of women begin to take place. In the past, women were not allowed to stand up among men to participate in decision making but the 20th century has allowed this and why empowering of women has made a positive impact on women so far. Firstly, the advantage of empowering women to do more and engage in formal work possibility leads to economic growth. A study shows that women in Australia who held positions as board directors significantly had higher financial returns, including 53 percent higher returns on equity, 24 percent higher returns on sales and 67 percent higher returns on invested capital (www.wikipedia.org). This shows that female workers use strategies that communicate well with their employees to motivate them to perform well within the environment they work in. Secondly, the mentalities of men as the superior of both genders begin to change as women become empowered and begin to take up responsibilities similar to men. Here women have the confidence and courage to make decisions within their household, workplaces and the society as a whole. They rise from fear of being teased, mocked, seen as worthless and not important and begin to take part in important discussions with males to help their families and communities. (www.ifad.org) This social advantage helps in confirming fundamental rights of women. Finally, Education is an important element to any development within a society and without proper education poverty emerges. Through empowering of women, this strategy has encouraged more women to attend school and given the same opportunities as the male. Universities and other formal education enhances understanding on different fields like health, economics, politics etc to help them make good decisions within their families and society.(www.ifd.org) For example in Honiara at the Anglican Satellite church at Burns Creek , Literacy classes for the rural uneducated mothers are held twice a week to help them to read and write . Hence, confidence in attending community meetings and sharing in decision makings with the community become easy. Investment in education should be a priority to assist women become good role models and with educational achievements of women are more likely to be looked upon as setting good examples. (personal communication Shirley Nokia) Based on the evidence presented in this essay, empowerment of women is a positive strategy which encourages women, whereas in the past, little was done to allow women to step out from their traditional roles and into higher positions. Although the disadvantages hinder women through economical, social and educational issues, the advantages are more promising and through investment in education especially, women and girls can have a better future and make a better world for all.

On the Function and Evolution of Sleep Essay -- Biology Essays Researc

On the Function and Evolution of Sleep If physiologists devoted the most research time to behaviors humans engaged in the most, we would probably have a full understanding of the biological purpose of sleep. After all, humans, with the exception of most college students, spend one third of their lives in a somnolent state. Despite its fundamental role in human and animal life, sleep is, even in an age when neuroscience has reduced many behaviors to neurological mechanisms, still quite mysterious. What processes are taking place during sleep that benefit the organism? Why spend so much time in an unresponsive and vulnerable state? That these questions haven't been definitively answered is really not a function of a lack of effort on the part of scientists, but rather of the difficulties inherent in studying sleep. It is easy to observe the harm that is done to a human or animal deprived of sleep. A rat prevented from sleeping will lose the ability to maintain body temperature and die in about three weeks, showing no eviden ce of physiological damage (1). In humans, sleep deprivation impairs thinking and suppresses the immune system. But why this deterioration take place is less clear, and the object of disagreeing theories. This essay will try to explain the function of sleep based on what is now known, and attempt to shed light on the reasons and mechanisms for its evolution. An investigation of the control, and perhaps the origin, of sleep might best begin with the hypothalamus, a flat, horizontal structure in the brain that is known to play an important role. Damage to the back portion of the hypothalamus causes somnolence, indicating that when intact, it sustains alertness (1). In contrast, damage to the front part indu... ...t suggests that some of the circuits employed in sensory reception and processing also function to establish and maintain memory, and that both functions cannot be achieved simultaneously. Sleep circumvents this limitation, and is thus a well adapted behavior. WWW Sources 1)Scientific American "In Focus" http://www.sciam.com/missing.cfm 2)Sleep and Memory: Evolutionary Perspectives http://bisleep.medsch.ucla.edu/SRS/publications.htm 3)REM Sleep = Dreaming: Only a Dream http://bisleep.medsch.ucla.edu/SRS/rosenlicht-feinberg.htm 4)Birds May Refine Their Songs While Sleeping" ,Science Magazine article http://www.sciencemag.org/cgi/content/full/282/5397/2163 Additional Resources Discussion on Sleep Evolution ,Scientific American article http://www.sciam.com/missing.cfm The Journal "Sleep" http://www.stanford.edu/dept/sleep/journal/

Amish Birthing Paper

The religious and cultural beliefs of the Amish, have led to variations in health care practices that are different from main stream American culture. The Amish believe in simple lifestyles and being â€Å"separate from the world,† this is hallmark for the Amish. They don't use modern conveniences that we do, such as electricity, computers, cars, and phones. They travel by horse and buggy, and grow their own gardens and raise their own cattle for food/milk. Their days are filled with hard work and simple pleasures. Babies are a welcomed gift in the Amish culture and are viewed as a blessing rom God. They believe the # of children they have should be left in God's hands, this is why it's forbidden to use birth control, because it would interfere with God's will. Amish families tend to be large; 6-10 kids is common, and occasionally there are families with up to 20 children born to one mother. When a woman gets pregnant; therapeutic abortions, amniocentesis, and other invasive prenatal diagnostic testing (that some of us may use) is not acceptable. They are happy â€Å"to take what God gives them. † The Amish usually have homebirths or give birth at birthing centers with a midwife. The only time they do hospital births, is when there is risk to the mother or the child. At the hospitals, routine interventions of labor and delivery are not used. IVs are available, but optional. Fetal heart rate monitoring is done intermittently by doppler. Amish women usually labor quietly while husbands support them by rubbing their backs, cooling them with hand fans, and holding their hands. Labor tends to be shorter than average and happen peacefully with controlled pushing. Most mothers breastfeed and are anxious to feed the baby after elivery, but some produce no breastmilk at first, because of the huge workload and stress of a large family, and can't feed the baby until the next day. So in the mean time, they give the baby things like jello water or watermelon seed tea, which is supposed to be good for preventing jaundice. Also, they usually don't pick out names before the delivery; they wait and see â€Å"who the baby looks like† before they name him/her. Amish folk wisdom is also an integral part of their prenatal practices, such as walking under a clothes line will result in still birth, or crawling through a window or nder a table will cause the umbilical cord to be wrapped around the baby's neck. Complications such as pregnancy-induced HTN and diabetes (which is higher in Americans) is low in the Amish culture, most likely due to the well-nourished state of the mom, because she eats home-cooked and self-preserved foods (instead of fast food, which is convenient for us. The greatest risk factor for the pregnant women is development of painful varicose veins because of all the heavy work they do. In preparing for the childbirth process, a 5 week formula is sometimes used in the ast 5 weeks of pregnancy to tone and calm the uterus, quiet the nerves, ease pain, and help make labor easier and on time. This formula has also been known to help with menstrual disorders, morning sickness, and hot flashes. It has been passed down from one generation to the next. This formula consists of 5 herbs including: 1.  Red Rasberry leaves: relieves nausea and pain in labor. 2. Butcher's Broom Root: this herb is used for hemorrhoids, varicose veins, and thrombosis. 3. Black Cohosh Root: relieves spastic muscles, dilates peripheral blood vessels, and helps reduce B/P. These actions help the terus and other muscles during labor. 4. Dong Quai Root: it is an anti-inflammatory and diuretic effect and helps to treat swelling prior to labor. During labor it eases smooth muscle contractions and gives a general sedative effect. 5.  Squaw Vine Root: Used to prepare the uterus for childbirth and speed up delivery and encourage regular contractions. It has an antispasmodic action. (This is about the only pain relief/ medications that they use to help with pregnancy/delivery, besides maybe Tylenol. ) A person's life philosophy and religious views profoundly impact the childbirth and parenting experience. Having a positive attitude toward the birthing process, a healthy lifestyle, and adequate support makes childbirth a better experience for the patient. Some nursing interventions that could be used; since varicose veins are the greatest complication for pregnant Amish women (from all of their house work and laundry they do), I would remind her that she should take frequent rest periods from standing and elevate her legs. Maybe if she has older children, they could do some of the house work while mom rests. I would remind her that medication is available for pain relief if she chooses to accept it. I would provide her and her family a warm and comfortable environment, to make them feel at home. I would also encourage the family to bring in home-cooked meals to help her and her husband feel at home. After delivery, if the mother started to feel too tired, and needed some rest I would care for the baby for short periods of time, and help with diaper changes and baths. As I mentioned before, the mother sometimes can't lactate at first and isn't able to feed the baby, so as a nurse I would offer bottles of formula to her so she could feed the baby until shes able to produce er own breastmilk (whether she accepted it or not would be up to her and her husband). The only time an Amish woman gets to rest is right after she has the baby, so the families usually have a â€Å"helper† around for 6 weeks to care for the other children, clean, cook, and do laundry. So before the family leaves the hospital/birthing center, I would make sure they had someone lined up to help them out for at least 6 weeks after birth. I would also make sure she, as well as the family, understands instructions and reasons why interventions are offered.

All The s Men: Theme

The nature of Jack Burden`s journey from the `arid land of facts` to the `dream sea of ideas` is what the story is all about. It goes on to spell whether the journey undertaken by the hero is indeed a spiritual one or an attempt at self-discovery. An attempt has been made to explore the roots of this journey through Modernism (the breakdown of philosophical/moral consensus about the nature of things, the turn toward myth) and Neo-Romanticism (the search for a new unifying principle amid the fragmentations of Modernity/Scientific Materialism), the role of Willie Stark, Ellis Burden, Judge Irwin, and the hero’s journey through the turmoil and pleasures of life. The story revolves around the relationship between the themes of Death and Rebirth which occur in Jack’s journey through incidences of tragedy and beyond. It ends on a note of positivism, when the hero, Jack Burden, transforms himself from being a pawn to his roots in ancestral lineage. Literature Review ‘All the King's Men’, is the story of the rise and fall of Willie Stark, a political titan in the Deep South, who during the 1930s rose from hardscrabble poverty to become the governor of his state, and ultimately it’s most powerful political figure. The story goes on to say how Willie, the anti-hero blackmails and bullies his enemies into submission, and using his good office institutes a radical series of liberal reforms which are designed to tax the rich and ease the burden of the state's poor farmers. This leads to a conflict of personalities which includes the notable former governor, Sam MacMurfee, and other power mongers. Jack Burden, the scion of one of the state's aristocratic dynasties, turns his back on his genteel upbringing, against the wishes of his well-wishers, which includes the influential Judge Irwin. Throwing caution to wind, Jack joins Willie on his journey to stardom, earning him the name as, Willie’s right hand. Willie takes advantage of Jack’s talent as a historical researcher to dig up the unpleasant secrets of his enemies, using this to blackmail and provocation. Cynical and lacking in ambition as he is, Jack walks away from many of his past interests; the dissertation of American History, and marriage to Anne Stanton, the daughter of a former governor of the state. The scene when Willie asks Jack to look for skeletons in the closet of Judge Irwin, Jack is forced to confront his ideas concerning consequence, responsibility, and motivation. He discovers that Judge Irwin had accepted a bribe, and that Governor Stanton, his would-be father-in-law, had covered it up, resulting in Judge Irwin's suicide. The story then turns to another interesting episode of Adam Stanton, Anne’s brother, taking up the directorship of a new hospital being built by Willie. The vicious turn of events leads Willie to Anne, who unsuspectingly has an affair leading to his ultimate murder. Jack, with nothing to gain returns, an empty man. In this we see, the death and rebirth of Jack through his tryst with destiny and forlorn countenance of Anne transform to one of exuberance. Willie's death at the hands of Adam, his loyal employee, jolts Jack to such an extent that he is left dumbfounded and brooding of the consequence of his future and a rethink of his belief. Jack returns to his senses and takes a major plunge towards society by accepting his long lost love, Anne Stanton, and pursues his passion of research . 3. 0 Analysis Jack’s journey from the ‘arid land of facts’ to the ‘dream sea of ideas’ can be best described as a journey towards truth which is emphasized when he says, ‘And all times are one time, and all those dead in the past never lived before our definition gives them life, and out of the shadow their eyes implore us. That is what all of us historical researchers believe. And we love truth. ’ It may be seen that the principal characters in the novel Willie Stark, Judge Irwin, Anne Stanton though their personal lives have not been free from blemishes, they were in more than a way, corrupt. Starting with his association with Willie to the displeasure of his near and dear, the moment he learns of the affair of his first love Anne Stanton with Willie, and to the moment he learns of Judge Irwin’s suicide, Jack had never endured a sign of negativism in Willie’s actions. It is only when Jack’s mother reveals the true identity of his father, does Jack admonishes Willie for his deliberations, although not in public. This incident leads Jack through many a twist and turn in his endeavor to get to the bottom of Willie’s motives. The sequence of events that followed, leading to the untimely murder of Willie, inculcated a sense of disbelief, and revulsion in him. The trudge back to his roots exemplifies the struggle and worship of humanity in all its glory. Jack for all his wiles, was an ardent follower of his master. Willie Stark, ‘the Boss’ gave the impression of a man on the move. Never, did he pause to gauge the consequences of his actions. This ultimately led to his doom. Willie Stark, though he had a humble beginning, rose to a position of wielding unbridled power in the process subjugating his opponents by brute force and of course putting to use the investigative skills of Jack. Judge Irwin, revered as a father figure by Jack, has not been in the good books of Willie, who instigates Jack to dig into the past activities of Irwin, protested vehemently by him. However, when the facts were unearthed, a shocked Jack and a bemused Willie confronted Judge Irwin. Judge Irwin was a man of honor. He was known to be a very straight man and never took the law into his hands. This revelation was too much for him to digest, and equally embarrassing, that he did what a man of his stature would have done, commit suicide. Strangely, for most part of the story, Jack believes that Ellis Burden, whom he refers to as his Scholarly attorney, to be his father, where in fact, it is Judge Irwin who is the real biological father. Ironically, Jack gets to know this only after the suicide of Irwin, which Jack believes was because of his action. Jack’s aristocratic moorings unfortunately does not refrain him from joining hands with the immoral Willie Stark as we see in the story. Though Willie uses Jack as a formidable tool in his ascent to power, using Jack’s research skills to his greatest advantage of subjugating his opponents, was a crime most unsuspecting of such a character. Jack becomes a witness to Willie’s Machiavellian manipulations and misdeeds, albeit, unwittingly. However Jack’s shunning politics at the end of the story and his return to his earlier passion is a metaphor for Jack’s return to his roots, his history, and his American past. In fact, Jack’s research revolves around his study of the life of Cass Mastern, a man of high moral standards and a student at Transylvania College in Kentucky. Even the subject Jack takes up for his dissertation is a reminder to the readers of Jack’s search for the truth. ‘Is death the last sleep? No, it is the last and final awakening,’ said W. Scott, a stark reminder synonymous of the characters in this book; Judge Irwin’s suicide when he is confronted by Jack with facts about his acceptance of a bribe, and the killing of Willie Stark by Adam Stanton. While for the major part of the story Jack believed that the ‘Great Twitch’ denoted actions in life and not words or deeds. The awakening on that morning at home, brought Jack to retract his thoughts on life, and once again believed that men were responsible for their actions and deeds. This rethinking in a sense is responsible for Jack’s decision to marry Anne Stanton (a metaphor for rebirth) despite his knowledge of the fact that he she had an affair with Willie Stark. Reflecting philosophically he says, ‘all the words we speak meant nothing and there was only the pulse in the blood and the twitch of the nerve, like a dead frog's leg in the experiment when the electric current goes through, a true reflection of Modernism. This can be, in a philosophical sense be equated to the death of Jack figuratively, since Anne was Jack’s first love, whom he loved more than anything else in the world. 4. 0 Conclusion In the ultimate analysis it may be inferred that Jack’s life has been a life of journey towards the truth, towards his roots and eventually his self-discovery. The main characters in the story play an important role in molding Jack’s character, the incidents in the lives of those characters enlightening the path Jack has taken to achieve his goal. 5. 0 Bibliography 1. 0 www. sparknotes. com/lit/kingsmen/summary. html

Why Are Some States Promoting Asian Values So Energetically essays

Why Are Some States Promoting Asian Values So Energetically essays Human Rights and democracy have always created controversy and this can be said to be true in the face of the emergence of the Asian Values discourse. In order to discover why certain states are furthering these types of values we must firstly consider what constitutes Asian Values, secondly the reasons for their popularity amongst their proponents and finally the validity of their arguments. Mauzy writes, "to be sure, there is no single pan-Asian view or set of values, there is no uniform ideology, and there is no single cultural system". Indeed, in view of the diverse nature of the Asian continent it would be unrealistic to suggest all Asians prioritise the same virtues. However, the post-Cold War period has seen the states of the South Eastern region of Asia, especially Singapore, Malaysia and Indonesia, advance a common batch of specifically Asian Values. It is these values upon which government policies have been based and approaches to Human Rights have been justified Evans. The nature of the Asian Values espoused by the South East Asian states is similar to that of the conservative 'Victorian values' or 'protestant ethic' evident in Western society a hundred years ago. Mauzy. Indeed, the main values held here include respect for authority, deference to societal interest, emphasis on duty, consensual politics and the centrality of the family in social relations .Evans. Thus implying the prioritisation of community interest and basic duties over individual rights. As Christie and Roy suggest, "in East Asia it is often asserted that their cultures protect the community at the expense of restricting the freedoms of the individual, while the West takes the opposite approach". Furthermore, the necessity of a strong state is paramount in the Asian view. The 1993 Bangkok Declaration emphasised the notion of sovereignty and non-interference in the internal affairs of a state, whilst overlooking the role of the state as a protector of...

Rising and Falling Intonation in Pronunciation

Rising and Falling Intonation in Pronunciation Use punctuation to help your pronunciation skills by adding a pause after each period, comma, semi-colon or colon. By using punctuation to guide when you pause while reading, you will begin to speak in a more natural manner. Make sure to read the example sentences on this page out loud using the pronunciation tips provided.  Lets look at an example sentence: Im going to visit my friends in Chicago. They have a beautiful house, so Im staying with them for two weeks. In this example, pause after Chicago and house. This will help anyone whos listening to you follow you more easily. On the other hand, if you rush through the periods and commas (and other punctuation marks), your pronunciation will sound unnatural and it will be difficult for listeners to follow your thoughts. Punctuation that marks the end of a sentence also has specific intonation. Intonation means the rising and the lowering of the voice when speaking. In other words, intonation refers to the voice rising and falling. Lets take a look at the different types of intonation used with pronunciation. Asking Questions Follows Two Patterns Rising Voice at the End of a Question If the question is a yes / no question, the voice rises at the end of a question. Do you like living in Portland?Have you lived here a long time?Did you visit your friends last month? Falling Voice at the End of a Question If the question is an information question- in other words, if you are asking a question with where, when, what, which, why, what/which kind of.., and questions with how- let your voice fall at the end of a question. Where are you going to stay on vacation?When did you arrive last night?How long have you lived in this country? Question Tags Question tags are used to either confirm information or to ask for clarification. The intonation is different in each case.   Question Tags to Confirm If you think you know something, but would like to confirm it, let the voice fall in the question tag. You live in Seattle, dont you?This is easy, isnt it?You arent coming to the meeting, are you? Question Tags to Ask for Clarification When using a question tag to clarify, let the voice rise to let the listener know that you expect more information. Peter isnt going to be at the party, is he?You understand your role, dont you?We arent expected to finish the report by Friday, are we? End of Sentences The voice usually falls at the end of sentences. However, when making a short statement with a word that is only one syllable the voice rises to express happiness, shock, approval, etc. Thats great!Im free!I bought a new car. When making a short statement with a word that is more than one syllable (multi-syllabic) the voice falls. Mary is happy.Were married.Theyre exhausted. Commas We also use a specific type of intonation when using commas in a list. Lets take a look at an example: Peter enjoys playing tennis, swimming, hiking, and biking. In this example, the voice rises after each item in the list. For the final item, let the voice fall.  In other words, tennis, swimming, and hiking all rise in intonation. The final activity, biking, falls in intonation. Practice with a few more examples: We bought some jeans, two shirts, a pair of shoes, and an umbrella.Steve wants to go to Paris, Berlin, Florence, and London. Pause After an Introductory Subordinate Clause Subordinate clauses begin with subordinating conjunctions. These include because, though, or time expressions such as when, before, by the time, as well as others. You can use a subordinating conjunction to introduce a subordinate clause at the beginning of a sentence, or in the middle of a sentence. When beginning a sentence with a subordinating conjunction (as in this sentence), pause at the end of ​the  introductory subordinating clause. When you read this letter, I will have left you forever.Because its so expensive to travel in Europe, I have decided to go to Mexico for my vacation.Although the test was very hard, I got an A on it.

The Politics of Global Communications Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

The Politics of Global Communications - Essay Example Globalization of communication dates back to the 1920s where initially it was spurred by international trade, expansion of media companies as well as colonialism. Politics in this era were characterized by the official opening of the US global communication policy. As noted by Kamalipour', ), information and communication technologies such as internet, mobile phones, satellite radio and television are used by political power houses to meet their propaganda all over the world. Global communication has changed the way politics are done by encouraging revolutionalization, for instance in global economy and ecology .Globalization allows politics to take a vast growth worldwide through non-governmental organizations, other integrated schemes and also through global movements. Of the most important technology in politics is telecommunication which is a process through which information is transferred. Telecommunication gives people options, especially to chose the ideologies to buy and the ones to discard (Kamalipour, 2002).Global communication has a great positive impact on politics because it helps in spreading politics across boarders through its' instruments such as radios, televisions, telegraphs among others. These can generally be termed as political instruments. Kamalipour (2002), highlights the political aspects of communication as vital in the global politics. Politics of global communication have contributed to the deterioration of diplomacy and often are responsible for many wars fought. Taking the example of the First World War; communication in form of wide coverage of radio, as well as heightened and increased public awareness something which resulted into public pressure on governments, coalitions. With the media reaching more people than ever before, and the general public turning into media for news on progress of wars, the way they perceive the outcome of war usually has a meaningful bearing in the destiny of whole societies. All the above results in the political interest of by the political elites in controlling flow of news. With ICT now virtually under control of political leaders the issue of security in regard to telecommunications, results into the design of communications strategy, communications intelligence, and cryptography which are important and decisive tools in times of war. This was evident as early as during the first and second World Wars. Since technological advancements have increased the speed of communications between nations of the world, this has had an effect of increased importance to governments. The fact that knowledge is power means that, always, governments seek to capitalize on the improved speed and availability of communications, basically to advance their control of power as well as to influence of their political adversaries. Therefore emergence of new trends which influence the political aspects of the not so new concept of global communications network in the period preceding the twentieth century is to blame for many wars fought in the 19th century. When critically examined, the evolution of technology resulted into fast and reliable communication over long distances in the form of electric telegraph in the late 19th century and internet in the 21st century. Although having internal networks is viable and less risky, network communications

BP Oil Spill Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

BP Oil Spill - Research Paper Example The commissioners have shown their concern that if the oil washes up to the coast then the tourism industry will get destroyed and the city will have to suffer financial crisis. The Federal Government must introduce certain laws and policies that are in concern with the issue of oil spills. The company responsible for the oil spill must be held responsible of all the damage and destruction that has been resulted due to the oil spill. The financial loss that has been occurred due to the oil spill must be taken by the company who caused it. An oil spill cause a lot of damage to the marine and aquatic life and if this oil spill reaches the coast it destroys the beauty of the coast and causes great harm to the tourism industry of that country. The company should be made to pay the amount equal to the total loss that the country will have to suffer as a result of this. When an oil spill reaches the coast the fine sand, huts, other shops, malls, parks, walking tracks, etc. all are affected; this results in a great loss for the country. An oil spill does not instantly reach the coast; it takes almost a few days for an oil spill to spread out and reach the coast. However, the number of days it takes for the oil to reach the coast depends upon where the oil spillage has started. Once it comes to the knowledge of the city manager or commissioner that an oil spill is on its way to their coast they must take precautionary measures like vacate the beach, remove stalls and huts and those bodies that are not fixed so that they do not become the victim of oil spillage. The oil and gas company responsible for the spillage must be made responsible to pay the full cost of the spillage and for the restoration of the environment to its natural state. As well as the company would have to pay full compensation to those whose businesses have been affected by this disaster. A fine must also be imposed on the oil and

It is a research paper about the topic (Homeless Families) Essay

It is a research paper about the topic (Homeless Families) - Essay Example A majority of these people are thrust into the homeless state by life-altering events that were unexpected. Some tragic life occurrences such as job loss, domestic violence, family disputes, and loss of loved ones can lead to homelessness (Bassuk et al, 2010). Homelessness is by and large a three-pronged problem. It is affected by economic, political, and social factors. The state of homeless families exploded in the early 1980s when federal funds were withdrawn from social assistance and low-income housing programs. The programs were meant to cater for the mentally ill and low-income families. Lack of affordable housing and the rising gap between earnings have left many of families and individuals in America homeless (Nunez, 2000). Economic factors are a central cause, as are social factors such as long-term drug addiction, mental illness, and alcoholism which can contribute to homelessness. Studies show that at least 25 percent of homeless people suffer from a kind of mental illness (NHC 2006). Twenty percent of the homeless are also drug and alcohol addicts, and the lack of access to affordable care can leave them vulnerable to the problem for their entire lives. This paper evaluates various aspects of homeless families such as how hom elessness affects children, and what society is doing to alleviate the problem (Bassuk et al, 2010). The rate of homelessness among American families has grown extensively over the last two decades. Between 2007 and 2010, the number of homeless families rose significantly. In 2007, 30% of the homeless people were in families and the percentage changed to 35% in 2010. This percentage is, however, devoid of the proportion in the suburban and rural areas (Khadduri & Culhane 2011). The affected families experienced frequent moves while in search of employment and secure affordable housing. The turbulence resulting from the movement affects children, and they

Summary of Chinns Four Ways of Knowing

Summary of Chinns Four Ways of Knowing Reaction to Chinns Four Ways of Knowing: Peggy L. Chinn, RN, PhD, FAAN is Professor of Nursing at the University of Connecticut. She earned her undergraduate nursing degree from the University of Hawaii, and her Masters and PhD degrees from the University of Utah. She has authored books and journal articles in the areas of nursing theory, feminism and nursing, the art of nursing, and nursing education. Her recent research has been focused on developing a method for aesthetic knowing in nursing, and defining the art of nursing as an art. Her book co-authored with Maeona Kramer has just been released in its fifth edition, now titled Theory and Nursing: An Integrated Approach to Knowledge Development. She is currently revising Peace and Power: Building Communities for the Future. This book is used worldwide by womens groups and peace activist groups as a basis for group process, consensus decision-making, and conflict resolution. She has been trained in the process of mediation at CDR Associates in Boulder, Colorado and provid es leadership and consultation in cooperative group processes. She is co-founder with Elizabeth Berrey of the Women of Vision Project, conducting workshops for women working together and facilitating networks among women creating change. In her book â€Å"Theory and Nursing Integrated knowledge development† Chinn has mentioned four patterns of knowing which are; Empirics, Ethics, Personal and Aesthetics. Chinn and Kramer have defined nursing art as a spontaneous, in-the-moment act that requires deliberate rehearsal. As Ethics emerges centrally in efforts to focus nursing practice and research, there also are renewed efforts to question and understand ethics at more foundational levels in the discipline, to understand who nurses are and on what values do they stand. Even within this holistic paradigm, however, the tensions between ideas of the individual and the individual-in-relation remain unresolved. In nursing practice, these tensions play out in competing ideologies, principles, ethics, values, and ideas in research, theory and practice. As a moral and philosophical base, caring has valued the being and knowing more than the doing in nursing. Caring can be seen as a moral foundation and an end in and of itself. As a professional ethic, caring must be a social commitment to work with others in ways that are connected, engaged, and meaningful. Even within this holistic paradigm, however, the tensions between ideas of the individual and of the individual-in-relation remain unresolved. In nursing practice, these tensions play out in competing ideologies, principles, ethics, values, and ideas in research, theory, and practice. Through critical and analytic reflection, nurses examine ontological and ethical foundations to their knowledge and praxis. It deepens and sharpens these foundations by forcing nurses to develop and act on commitments in the context of political or social agendas as well as to recognize that both their commitments and the agendas are constructed in and by a multiplicity of variable relationships of knowledge and power. Aesthetic experience matters in nursing because both patients and nurses are stakeholders in the situation. Experiences of illness have the potential to become lifted from ordinary life simply because so much is at stake. The details and nuances of relationships between patients and nurses are significant because they are part of this experience of illness and this is why the deeply engaged stance of caring matters. Without engagement, the nurse is no longer a stakeholder and nursing art is not possible. Engagement is a precondition of experience. Caring creates a world and that without care; the person would be without projects and concerns. Their view implies that care is fundamental to meaning and that meaning comes to be on the basis of some prior structure of care. A person may be regarded as constituted by their involvement and commitments In the world and without such engagements, one remains, in the profoundest sense, a mere possibility of a person. Similarly, the art must be loving; that is, it must care deeply for the subject matter upon which skill is exercised. An engaged, emotional commitment is a precondition for nursing art and effective intervention. In modern aesthetic theory, however, there is considerable controversy over whether there is a difference between art and craft.There is a principled difference between art and craft and argues for the necessity of making clear distinctions between them. Distinctions can be summarized by the following: craft results from skillful use of method or technique to produce a pre-specified product from some kind of raw material. Thus, the endpoint of a craft is visualized before the methods of achieving it are determined, so the way to proceed is planned from the beginning. Judging a work of craft is therefore less a matter of interpretation than a matter of fit between artifact and preconceived models of particular craft objects.Craft implies clearly understood goals and methods and this makes evaluation straightforward. The results of art, on the other hand, cannot be specified before creation; and means and ends are not always thought out separately. The artist does not always know what to make, or the most effective way to go about it; rather, ends and means evolve simultaneously. According to this definition, art is both more creative and difficult to evaluate. Chinn and Kramer have commented that art draws a person into new realms and expands perceptual capacities. If the object of nursing art is to transform the lived experience of health and illness, as Chinn claims, this explains why art is potentially so important for nursing. Not only do nurses need art to expand their perspectives on caring for patients, but patients also need nursing art to help them perceive the possibilities in their situation. A nurse who is artistically creative may set new standards for how things can be done. Art can change the ethos of what is considered good practice and alter the conceptions of what nursing outcomes ought to be. This means that the audience for nursing art will be not only patients and family members, to whom nurses hope to show possibilities so that they may move forward and transform their futures, but also other nurses, from whom nurses learn and with whom they transform practice. By maintaining a fluid openness in nursing situations, it may be that nurses own experiences and that of their patients is enlarged. One of the difficulties in defining this aspect of nursing art has been the invisibility of the art object. The process of art is visible enough in nursing. The tools, techniques, and craft-like approach can be described, but the outcome of the art is very difficult to specify. Nurse theorists are reluctant to identify the patient as the object of nursing art. It is contrary to their philosophical tradition to objectify patients in this way, nor would this identification be correct.

Immanuel Kants Theory Essay -- Papers Immanuel Kant Morality

Immanuel Kant's Theory Immanuel Kant (1724-1804) discussed many ethical systems and reasoning’s some were based on a belief that the reason is the final authority for morality. In Kant’s eyes, reason is directly correlated with morals and ideals. Actions of any sort, he believed, must be undertaken from a sense of duty dictated by reason, and no action performed for appropriateness or solely in obedience to law or custom can be regarded as moral. A moral act is an act done for the "right" reasons. Kant would argue that to make a promise for the wrong reason is not moral you might as well not make the promise. You must follow a certain code in order to find truth behind your actions. Kant believed that you should treat everyone with value, dignity, and respect. Our reasoning ability will always allow us to know what our duty is. Kant described two types of common commands given by reason: the hypothetical imperative, which dictates a given course of action to reach a specific end; and the categorical imperative, which dictates a course of action that must be followed because of its rightness and necessity. The categorical imperative is the basis of morality and was stated by Kant in these words: "Act as if the maxim of your action were to become through your will and general natural law." Therefore, before proceeding to act, we must decide what rule we need to follow if we were to act, whether we are willing for that rule to be followed by everyone all over. Kant believes that moral rules have no exceptions. It is wrong to kill in all situations, even those of self-defense. This belief comes from the Universal Law theory. Since we would never want murder to become a universal law, then it has to be not moral at all. Kant be... ...eighbor, be kind to others, do not steal, etc. yet, individual perception of the world by people prevents the possibility of an all-encompassing universal code of ethics. I believe along with Kant that we should develop a friendship and code to help our fellow man. We all have a duty to treat others the way we want to be treated.(Golden Rule) The one thing I disagree with is that we should not be punished for doing good deeds to those even though we might find ourselves backed into a corner when dealing with these individual problems. Overall dealing with Kant’s theory everyone should be truthful and abide by the universal code. We should follow his theory in treating everyone with value, dignity, and respect. Even though everyone should help others, I believe in some situations people have to be persuaded to help even though this goes against Kant’s beliefs.

Life Payments Essay

It is 10:33 AM. You are awaken abruptly from your alarm. You prepare yourself for the day ahead. The day has been going well so far. It is now 12:25 PM. You step into your vehicle hoping to stop at the best burger place in town for lunch. The preceding are the last thing you remember when you wake up cold, sweaty, and drowsy from your coma. Changing perspectives, you are a family member now. Your brother has been in a horrific car accident and is in a coma for thirteen days now. How will you communicate with him? How will you tell him that you love him and are here for him? Most importantly, how do you know that he is still alive? For those who don’t know, a coma is a persistent vegetative state, also known as PVS. Coma is also defined as a state of almost total unresponsiveness to external stimulation in which the patient lies with his eyes closed. It is a condition in which the normal cognitive and communicative functioning of the patient is hampered. A coma may occur for various reasons, such as intoxication, CNS (central nervous system) diseases, a serious injury, and hypoxia (oxygen deprivation). But there have been a number of cases across the world like the example mentioned above. A 26-year-old patient named Kate Bainbridge had a viral infection which had put her in a coma — a condition that generally persists for two to four weeks, after which patients die, recover fully or, in rare cases, slip into a vegetative or a minimally conscious state. (Tutton) And there is most notably Rom Houben, also known as Patient 23. Allan Hall reports â€Å"Alive but unresponsive, he has been in a coma for 23 years since he has been 24 years old. Ongoing research in the field of comatose communication has found out that there may be small â€Å"islands† of consciousness, even in persistent vegetative states, like such in Houben’s case. And this is how, through comatose communication and other methods such as fMRIs, they were able to conclude that Houben was still alive in his body. This could be another example of how the conscious is separate from the physical body. So why should you care? How can coma work help patients, families, and caregivers? Coma work furthers the internal and external ommunication of patients in altered consciousness. This can aid patients to complete inner work and spontaneously come closer to the surface, and at times even all the way out of coma or other altered consciousness. With metabolic comas emergence can be quick and dramatic. Mark Tutton, an author at CNN. com, reports â€Å"a study carried out last year on 103 patients by Laureys and his colleagues at Liege’s Coma Science Group found that 41 percent of patients in a Minimally Conscious State (MCS) were misdiagnosed as being in the much more serious Vegetative State (VS). Dr. Daniel Hanley, professor of neurology at Johns Hopkins Medicine, in Maryland, told CNN that VS is a coma-like state in which patients have a sleep and wake cycle, and can show reflex chewing, swallowing and blinking, but don’t respond to language or stimulation. † With coma from traumatic brain injury and other causes, progress is usually slow, but measurable. Progress can be accelerated if the awareness for coma communication is heightened. Families and caregivers are often relieved to find ways to communicate with loved ones and clients about treatment options, life and death decisions, and love and personal connection. Family and caregivers often feel validated about their perceptions of subtle cues they have noticed. Now put the shoe on the other foot and imagine if you yourself were to be in a coma today. Wouldn’t you like a way to tell your family that you are alive, are ready to fight through it and come out of your PVS state? Surely yes.

New Jersey v TLO Essay

New Jersey v. T. L. O. , (1985) is the case that impacted me the most. It is a decision by the US Supreme Court regarding the constitutionality of a search of a public high school student after she was caught smoking. A search of her purse revealed drug paraphernalia, marijuana, and documentation of drug sales. She was charged as a juvenile for the drugs and paraphernalia found in the search. She went against the search, claiming it violated her 4th Amendment right against unreasonable searches. The U. S. Supreme Court, in a 6-3 ruling, said that the search was reasonable under the Fourth Amendment. This case established limitations on our 4th amendment right under school property. The majority opinion should be right one because in order to maintain every single student safe on school grounds, school officials need to be able to search anything on the school property without a warrant. In fact this case established â€Å"probable cause† which is when something is a â€Å"maybe† or â€Å"might be† and it is not necessarily written as a document. This is very different from real life because a police officer can only search where and when the warrant says to and only if he has one and any evidence found through an illegal search cannot be used. Since then, everything has change the way of doing things around school and people are now safer because less people start bringing this kind of inappropriate or illegal material especially if they know that someone might search their locker or backpack and get them in a lot of trouble. Another reason is that it happened in a school environment not too long ago and it gives some students something to reflect on as if they had to worry about their school safety. At last, this case had a huge impact on all students that go to school currently.